In the word GLORIFICATIONS, the 5th and 12th letters are interchanged, the 4th and 14th letters are interchanged, the 3rd and 10th letters are interchanged, the 2nd and 11th letters are interchanged, and the 1st and 13th letters are interchanged. After all these position changes, which letter will be the 12th from the right end of the new arrangement?

Introduction / Context:
This question checks your ability to follow multiple position interchanges and then determine a specific letter from one end of the resulting string. Such problems combine knowledge of indexing from left and right with careful tracking of swaps. Although it may look complex, a systematic method greatly simplifies the work. Understanding how to convert a “from the right” position into an equivalent position from the left is especially important for error free solutions in alphabet and arrangement based reasoning questions.

Given Data / Assumptions:
1) Original word: GLORIFICATIONS.2) The length of GLORIFICATIONS is 14 letters.3) Pairs of positions to be interchanged are: (5, 12), (4, 14), (3, 10), (2, 11) and (1, 13).4) All interchanges are performed on the same word, resulting in one final arrangement.5) We must find the 12th letter from the right end of this final arrangement.

Concept / Approach:
The best approach is to write down the original positions and letters, then perform swaps carefully. Once you have the final ordering, you convert “12th from the right” into a “from the left” index, which is easier to read. For a string of length n, the k-th letter from the right is at position (n − k + 1) from the left. Here n is 14, so the 12th from the right is the 3rd from the left in the final string. With that simplification, you only need to track what ends up at the 3rd position after all interchanges.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Write letters with positions: 1 G, 2 L, 3 O, 4 R, 5 I, 6 F, 7 I, 8 C, 9 A, 10 T, 11 I, 12 O, 13 N, 14 S.2) Apply swap (5, 12): positions 5 and 12 exchange letters, so I and O swap.3) Apply swap (4, 14): positions 4 and 14 exchange letters, so R and S swap.4) Apply swap (3, 10): positions 3 and 10 exchange letters, so O and T swap.5) Apply swap (2, 11): positions 2 and 11 exchange letters, so L and I swap.6) Apply swap (1, 13): positions 1 and 13 exchange letters, so G and N swap.7) After all swaps, the new arrangement becomes N I T S O F I C A O L I G R when written out stepwise, so the 3rd letter from the left is T.

Verification / Alternative check:
Instead of rewriting the entire final string, you can focus only on the position that matters. Because 12th from the right is the 3rd from the left, you only need to track which original position eventually occupies the 3rd position after all swaps. The 3rd position swaps with the 10th, and no further swap affects position 3 after that, so the letter at original position 10 ends up at position 3. Original position 10 holds T. Therefore, the 3rd letter from the left in the new arrangement is T, which matches the previously found result.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
O and I are letters in the word but they do not end up at the 3rd position after the given series of interchanges.R is also present but is moved to a different position during swapping.None of these is incorrect because T is exactly the letter occupying the required position.

Common Pitfalls:
Many learners forget that all swaps are performed on the same evolving arrangement and mistakenly reapply swaps to the original word each time. Others miscalculate the conversion between “from the right” and “from the left,” using n − k instead of n − k + 1. Some candidates also accidentally swap letters more than once or lose track of intermediate states. Working slowly, marking each swap clearly and double checking the key position helps avoid these common mistakes.

Final Answer:
The 12th letter from the right end of the final arrangement is T.