Solid-state physics: Why are metals good conductors of electricity? Select the primary microscopic reason for high electrical conductivity in metals at ordinary temperatures. Choose the correct option.

Difficulty: Easy

Because their atoms are very light
Due to the presence of many free (delocalized) electrons in a conduction band
Because metals have high specific heat
Because metals strongly attract electrons and hold them tightly

Correct Answer: Due to the presence of many free (delocalized) electrons in a conduction band

Explanation:

Concept
In metals, valence and conduction bands overlap or the conduction band is partially filled. Electrons are delocalized ('free'), allowing drift under an electric field ⇒ high conductivity.

Contrast
Insulators have large band gaps; semiconductors have fewer carriers at room temperature unless doped.

Final Answer
Due to the presence of many free (delocalized) electrons in a conduction band

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Solid-state physics: Why are metals good conductors of electricity? Select the primary microscopic reason for high electrical conductivity in metals at ordinary temperatures. Choose the correct option.

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