International Trade & Banking: What is the instrument that guarantees an exporter that the importer will pay immediately upon presentation of documents? Used to ensure prompt and secure payment in cross-border trade. Choose the correct term.

What is being asked?
The trade finance instrument that assures an exporter of immediate payment once compliant shipping documents are presented.

Given data

• Exporter seeks certainty of immediate payment.
• Transaction involves importer's bank support.

Concept/Approach
A letter of credit (L/C) at sight is issued by the importer's bank, promising to pay the exporter upon presentation of stipulated documents (e.g., bill of lading, invoice, insurance) that strictly comply with L/C terms.

Step-by-step reasoning
1) Importer arranges an L/C with issuing bank.2) Advising/confirming bank notifies exporter.3) Exporter ships goods and presents compliant documents.4) For an at sight L/C, bank honors payment immediately (after document examination) rather than on usance/deferred terms.

Verification/Alternative
Bank guarantees back performance, but the specific mechanism ensuring immediate document-against-payment settlement is an at sight L/C, not a promissory note or general line of credit.

Common pitfalls

• Confusing 'bank guarantee' or 'bill of exchange (usance)' with an at-sight L/C that triggers immediate payment.
• Overlooking the requirement for strict documentary compliance (UCP 600 rules).

Final Answer
Letter of credit (at sight)