Given the SQL: SELECT CUSTOMER_T.CUSTOMER_ID, ORDER_T.CUSTOMER_ID, NAME, ORDER_ID FROM CUSTOMER_T, ORDER_T; — what type of join is produced when no join predicate is supplied?

Introduction / Context:Joins combine rows from tables. When you list multiple tables in the FROM clause without a join condition, the database produces a Cartesian product. Recognizing this is essential to avoid explosive row counts and unintended results.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Two tables are listed: CUSTOMER_T and ORDER_T.
• No WHERE or JOIN ... ON predicate is shown.
• Columns NAME and ORDER_ID are selected, along with both CUSTOMER_ID columns.

Concept / Approach:A Cartesian join multiplies each row of one table by every row of the other. If CUSTOMER_T has m rows and ORDER_T has n rows, the result has m * n rows. Without a join predicate, the DBMS cannot match rows semantically, so it returns all combinations.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:Add a WHERE clause (e.g., CUSTOMER_T.CUSTOMER_ID = ORDER_T.CUSTOMER_ID) and compare row counts; the Cartesian product with no predicate will be much larger.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:Equi-join/Natural join require equality conditions. Outer join returns unmatched rows padded with NULLs, which still requires a join condition.

Common Pitfalls:Accidentally omitting join conditions in older implicit join syntax (comma-separated tables), leading to huge, slow queries.

Final Answer:Cartesian join