Evaluate the trigonometric expression cot 45° + cosec 60° and give the answer in simplified surd form.

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: (√3 + 2)/√3

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:

This question examines your knowledge of standard trigonometric values for special angles and your ability to combine them into a simplified surd expression. You are asked to find cot 45° + cosec 60°, both of which have exact values. Then, you must express the sum in a neat surd form that matches one of the answer choices.



Given Data / Assumptions:

  • The expression is cot 45° + cosec 60°.
  • Angles are measured in degrees.
  • Standard values for 45° and 60° are used.
  • The final answer should be given in surd form.


Concept / Approach:

We recall that cot 45° is 1 and cosec 60° is the reciprocal of sin 60°. Once we substitute these values, we obtain a sum of a rational number and a surd. Writing 1 as √3 / √3 allows us to combine the two terms into a single fraction with denominator √3. This form directly matches one of the answer options.



Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Recall that tan 45° = 1, so cot 45° = 1 / tan 45° = 1. Step 2: Recall that sin 60° = √3 / 2. Step 3: Then cosec 60° = 1 / sin 60° = 1 / (√3 / 2) = 2 / √3. Step 4: Substitute these values into the expression: cot 45° + cosec 60° = 1 + 2 / √3. Step 5: To combine, write 1 as √3 / √3, so 1 + 2 / √3 = √3 / √3 + 2 / √3. Step 6: Add the fractions: (√3 + 2) / √3. Step 7: This expression (√3 + 2) / √3 is already a valid surd form and matches one of the given options.


Verification / Alternative check:

Approximate numerically to verify. With √3 ≈ 1.732, sin 60° ≈ 0.866, so cosec 60° ≈ 1.155. Therefore, cot 45° + cosec 60° ≈ 1 + 1.155 = 2.155. Now compute (√3 + 2) / √3 ≈ (1.732 + 2) / 1.732 ≈ 3.732 / 1.732 ≈ 2.155. The two values match, confirming the correctness of the simplified expression.



Why Other Options Are Wrong:

The options (√6 + 1)/√3, (1 + √3)/2, 5/√3, and (2 + √3)/2 all simplify to values different from approximately 2.155. These typically result from misremembering sin 60°, using tan 60° instead of cosec 60°, or combining terms incorrectly. Only (√3 + 2)/√3 matches the exact derived expression.



Common Pitfalls:

Students sometimes confuse cosec 60° with sec 60° or with tan 60°, or they mistakenly use 1 / √3 for sin 60°. Another frequent error is forgetting to convert the integer 1 into a compatible surd form before combining terms. Being careful with standard trig values and fraction operations avoids these mistakes.



Final Answer:

The value of cot 45° + cosec 60° is (√3 + 2) / √3.


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