Fluid–electrical analogy — a pump corresponds to which electrical component? When comparing a fluid system to an electrical circuit, the fluid pump is analogous to which component?

Introduction / Context:
Analogies between fluid mechanics and circuit theory help intuition: pressure ↔ voltage, volumetric flow rate ↔ current, resistance to flow ↔ electrical resistance. Identifying component analogs clarifies system behavior.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Pump adds mechanical energy to the fluid, raising pressure head.
• Battery provides electromotive force, raising electrical potential.
• We compare roles rather than physical construction.

Concept / Approach:
In the analogy, pressure difference drives flow just as voltage drives current. A pump increases pressure head, creating a driving potential; a battery increases electric potential (EMF), driving current through the circuit. Conductors and lamps primarily dissipate or carry current; insulators block it. Therefore, the correct analog to the energy-adding device is a battery (or ideal voltage source).

Step-by-Step Solution:
Map fluid variables to electrical: ΔP ↔ V, Q ↔ I.Identify the device that creates ΔP: the pump.Identify the electrical device that creates V: the battery.Select battery as the analog.

Verification / Alternative check:
Network analogies in process control textbooks show pump symbols paired with voltage sources in equivalent circuits.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Conductor: analog to low hydraulic resistance (wide pipe), not an energy source.
• Lamp: dissipative load (resistor); no pressure or voltage generation.
• Insulator: analog to a closed valve or blocked pipe.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing a pump with a current source; the standard mapping is pump ↔ voltage source for constant head, though current-source analogs are sometimes used in advanced treatments.

Final Answer:
Battery (voltage source)