Introduction / Context:
Electronic voting machines, often called EVMs, have changed how elections are conducted in many parts of the world, including India and the United States. They can make counting faster and reduce human error, but they also raise concerns about security, transparency, and trust. This question asks you to identify which statement about voting machines is false, so you need a balanced understanding of their benefits and their limitations.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Electronic voting machines are used to record and count votes in elections.
- The options mention counting efficiency, secrecy of ballots, historical invention, and the possibility of fraud.
- We assume general knowledge of both the advantages and potential vulnerabilities of these systems.
Concept / Approach:
Electronic voting machines can speed up counting and reduce the need for large manual counting teams. They are also designed to help protect the secrecy of the ballot, just as traditional paper systems do. Historically, the concept of mechanical and then electrical voting devices goes back more than a century. However, no technology can honestly be described as making fraud or tampering nearly impossible. All electronic systems are potentially vulnerable if design, procedures, and oversight are weak. Therefore, the approach is to identify the statement that overstates the security of voting machines in an unrealistic way.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Evaluate option A. Electronic voting machines can count votes quickly and reduce the number of officials needed for manual counting, so this statement is generally true.
Step 2: Evaluate option C. EVMs are designed to preserve ballot secrecy, for example by not revealing how an individual voted. When procedures are followed, this is also broadly true.
Step 3: Consider option D. Various forms of mechanical voting devices existed in the late nineteenth century in some countries, so the idea of voting machines is historically old. This is not obviously false.
Step 4: Examine option B, which claims that fraud or tampering is nearly impossible when voting machines are used. Experience and security research show that no electronic system is completely free from risk. Poor security practices, weak physical control, or software flaws can create vulnerabilities.
Step 5: Since option B makes an extreme claim that is not supported by reality, it is the false statement.
Verification / Alternative check:
To verify this reasoning, think about general principles of cybersecurity. Every digital system, including those used in banking, communication, and elections, requires ongoing security measures. News reports and expert analyses sometimes discuss concerns about hacking, tampering, or malfunction in election systems, which prove that the risk is not zero. By contrast, the other statements are cautious and broadly consistent with known facts, so they are more likely to be true.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option A is correct because one of the main arguments for EVMs is that they allow faster counting with fewer staff compared to manual counting of paper ballots. Option C is correct because secret voting is a core election principle, and EVMs are designed to protect that secrecy just as ballot boxes do. Option D is correct in spirit, since inventors and reformers in the nineteenth century did propose and build mechanical voting devices long before modern electronic machines were introduced.
Common Pitfalls:
A frequent mistake is to accept claims about technology being completely secure or almost impossible to tamper with. In exam questions, statements that use extreme words like always, never, or nearly impossible should be checked carefully. Another pitfall is to assume that because a system is official and widely used, it must be perfect. In reality, election authorities work constantly to improve safeguards, audit trails, and procedures to reduce risk, but they do not claim absolute immunity from fraud.
Final Answer:
The false statement is that fraud or tampering is nearly impossible when electronic voting machines are used, because no electronic system can honestly be considered beyond all risk.
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