Ebonite identification in rubber technology: what is ebonite most accurately described as?

Introduction / Context:
Ebonite (hard rubber) is produced by vulcanising natural rubber with a very high sulphur content, creating a stiff, hard, and chemically resistant material used historically for electrical components, battery cases, and laboratory ware.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ebonite contains far more sulphur than typical soft rubbers.
• High crosslink density produces rigidity and dimensional stability.

Concept / Approach:
Vulcanisation introduces sulphur crosslinks between polyisoprene chains. Increasing crosslink density transitions behaviour from elastic to rigid. Ebonite represents the extreme—thermoset network with minimal elasticity and high hardness.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Relate “ebonite” to “hard rubber” → heavy vulcanisation.Eliminate unmodified natural rubber and uncured gum.Recognise it is not an adhesive but a structural material.

Verification / Alternative check:
Materials references list ebonite as containing roughly 30–40% sulphur with high hardness and dielectric strength.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They describe different materials or uses unrelated to ebonite.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming ebonite retains rubber-like elasticity; it behaves more like a hard plastic due to dense crosslinking.

Final Answer:
Highly vulcanised rubber