In distributed data processing, a configuration in which all activities traverse a single centrally located computer (acting as the mandatory hub for processing and routing) is commonly referred to as a:

Introduction:
Architectural patterns in distributed processing range from fully decentralized meshes to strictly centralized hub-and-spoke layouts. Recognizing the terminology for a topology where every activity must pass through one central site is essential for understanding bottlenecks, control, and resilience trade-offs.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• There is a single central computer/site through which all activities must pass.
• Peripheral nodes do not communicate directly with each other.
• The question asks for the commonly used descriptive label for such a configuration.

Concept / Approach:
A network arranged with a mandatory central hub and dependent spokes is often colloquially termed a spider network (analogous to a star), with the central computer at the “body” and connections as the “legs.” While “star network” is the formal topology term, “spider network” captures the same idea in many curricula for centralized control in distributed settings. All traffic and processing control traverse the hub, which simplifies administration but introduces a single point of failure and potential performance bottleneck.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify the constraint: all activities must use a central computer.2) Map the constraint to hub-and-spoke (star-like) topology.3) Recognize the common descriptor “spider network” for this centralized arrangement.4) Conclude that “spider network” best matches the prompt.

Verification / Alternative check:
Star/hub-and-spoke designs are widely used in WANs and organizational networks where central control is required; the spider metaphor is a typical exam synonym for a highly centralized star-like backbone.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Ring network: traffic circulates around a loop; not all activities must pass a single hub.
• Hierarchical network: multi-level tree; activities may traverse different levels, not necessarily a single central node.
• Data control network: not a standard topology term.
• None of the above: invalid because “spider network” is the intended descriptor here.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming any centralized control equals a “hierarchical” network; hierarchy implies tiers, whereas the prompt describes a single, mandatory central point.

Final Answer:
spider network