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  • Question

  • What will be the output of the program? 
    String s = "ABC"; 
s.toLowerCase(); 
s += "def"; 
System.out.println(s);


  • Options
  • A. ABC
  • B. abc
  • C. ABCdef
  • D. Compile Error

  • Correct Answer
  • ABCdef 

    Explanation
    String objects are immutable. The object s above is set to "ABC". Now ask yourself if this object is changed and if so where - remember strings are immutable.

    Line 2 returns a string object but does not change the originag string object s, so after line 2 s is still "ABC".

    So what's happening on line 3? Java will treat line 3 like the following:

    s = new StringBuffer().append(s).append("def").toString();

    This effectively creates a new String object and stores its reference in the variable s, the old String object containing "ABC" is no longer referenced by a live thread and becomes available for garbage collection.

    More questions

    • 1. What will be the output of the program? 
      public class A
{ 
    void A() /* Line 3 */
    {
        System.out.println("Class A"); 
    } 
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    { 
        new A(); 
    } 
}

    • Options
    • A. Class A
    • B. Compilation fails.
    • C. An exception is thrown at line 3.
    • D. The code executes with no output.
      • Discuss
    • 2. What will be the output of the program? 
      class Test 
{
    public static void main(String [] args) 
    {
        Test p = new Test();
        p.start();
    }

    void start() 
    {
        boolean b1 = false;
        boolean b2 = fix(b1);
        System.out.println(b1 + " " + b2);
    }

    boolean fix(boolean b1) 
    {
        b1 = true;
        return b1;
    }
}

    • Options
    • A. true true
    • B. false true
    • C. true false
    • D. false false
      • Discuss
    • 3. What will be the output of the program? 
      class Test 
{
    static int s;
    public static void main(String [] args) 
    {
        Test p = new Test();
        p.start();
        System.out.println(s);
    }

    void start() 
    {
        int x = 7;
        twice(x);
        System.out.print(x + " ");
    }

    void twice(int x) 
    {
        x = x*2;
        s = x;
    }
}

    • Options
    • A. 7 7
    • B. 7 14
    • C. 14 0
    • D. 14 14
      • Discuss
    • 4. You want a class to have access to members of another class in the same package. Which is the most restrictive access that accomplishes this objective?

    • Options
    • A. public
    • B. private
    • C. protected
    • D. default access
      • Discuss
    • 5. What will be the output of the program? 
      class Super
{ 
    public int i = 0; 

    public Super(String text) /* Line 4 */
    {
        i = 1; 
    } 
} 

class Sub extends Super
{
    public Sub(String text)
    {
        i = 2; 
    } 

    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        Sub sub = new Sub("Hello"); 
        System.out.println(sub.i); 
    } 
}

    • Options
    • A. 0
    • B. 1
    • C. 2
    • D. Compilation fails.
      • Discuss
    • 6. What will be the output of the program (in jdk1.6 or above)? 
      public class BoolTest 
{
    public static void main(String [] args) 
    {
        Boolean b1 = new Boolean("false");
        boolean b2;
        b2 = b1.booleanValue();
        if (!b2) 
        {
            b2 = true;
            System.out.print("x ");
        }
        if (b1 & b2) /* Line 13 */
        {
            System.out.print("y ");
        }
        System.out.println("z");
    }
}

    • Options
    • A. z
    • B. x z

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