1. According to Euler's column theory, the crippling load for a column of length (l) fixed at both ends is __________ the crippling load for a similar column hinged at both ends.
4. The resultant stress on an inclined plane which is inclined at an angle ? to the normal cross-section of a body which is subjected to a direct tensile stress (?) in one plane, is
6. According to Euler's column theory, the crippling load for a column of length (l) with one end fixed and the other end free is __________ the crippling load for a similar column hinged at both the ends.