5. According to Euler's column theory, the crippling load of a column is given by p = ?2EI/Cl2. In the Euler's formula, the value of C for a column with both ends fixed is 4.
6. The velocity of steam leaving the nozzle (V) is given by (where K = Nozzle coefficient or nozzle efficiency, and hd = Enthalpy or heat drop during expansion of steam in a nozzle)