Count the number of squares in the given figure.

The simplest rectangles are ABQP, PQNO, BCDN, NDEM, MEFL, LFJK, FGHR and RHIJ i.e. 8 in number.

The rectangles composed of two components each are ABNO, BCEM, NDFL, MEJK and FGIJ i.e. 5 in number.

The rectangles composed of three components each are ACDO, BCFL, NDJK and LGIK i.e. 4 in number.

There is only one rectangle i.e. BCJK composed of four components.

Total number of rectangles in the figure = 8 + 5 + 4 + 1 = 18.

The simplest squares are BCNM, CDON, PQIJ and QRHI i.e. 4 in number.

The squares composed of two components each are MNTS, NOUT, STQP and TURQ i.e. 4 in number.

The squares composed of five components each are ACTL, CEFT, TFGI and LTIK i.e. 4 in number.

The squares composed of six components each are BDUS and SUHJ i.e. 2 in number.

There is only one square i.e. MORP composed of eight components.

There is only one square i.e. AEGK composed of twenty components.

Total number of squares in the figure = 4 + 4 + 4 + 2+1 + 1 = 16.

Triangles :

The simplest triangles are IJQ, JKQ, KLQ, LMQ, MNQ, NOQ, OPQ and PIQ i.e. 8 in number. The triangles composed of two components each are ABQ, BCQ, CDQ, DEQ, EFQ, FGQ, GHQ, HAQ, IKQ, KMQ, MOQ and OIQ i.e. 12 in number.

The triangles composed of four components each are ACQ, CEQ, EGQ, GAQ, IKM, KMO, MOI and OIK i.e. 8 in number.

The triangles composed of eight components each are ACE, CEG, EGA and GAC i.e. 4 in number.

Total number of triangles in the figure = 8 + 12 + 8 + 4 = 32.

Squares :

The squares composed of two components each are IJQP, JKLQ, QLMN and PQNO i.e. 4 in number.

The squares composed of four components each are ABQH, BCDQ, QDEF and HQFG i.e. 4 in number.

There is only one square i.e. IKMO composed of eight components.

There is only one square i.e. ACEG composed of sixteen components.

Thus, there are 4 + 4 + 1 + 1= 10 squares in the given figure.

The horizontal lines are AE and JF i.e. 2 in number. The vertical lines are AJ, CH and EF i.e. 3 in number.

The slanting lines are AG, BF, JD, IE, AB, DE, JI and FG i.e. 8 in number.

Total number of straight lines needed to construct the figure = 2 + 3 + 8 = 13.

The squares composed of two components each are BNQM, CORN, DPSO, MQTL, NRUQ, OSVR, PFWS, QUJT, RVIU and SWHV i.e. 10 in number.

The squares composed of four components each are ABQL, BCRQ, CDSR, DEFS, LQJK, QRIJ, RSHI and SFGH i.e. 8 in number.

The squares composed of eight components each are BRJL, CSIQ and DFHR i.e. 3 in number.

The squares composed of sixteen components each are ACIK, BDHJ and CEGI i.e. 3 in number.

Thus, there are 10 + 8 + 3 + 3 = 24 squares in the figure.

The regions A, C, E and G can have the same colour say colour 1.

The regions B, D, F and H can have the same colour (but different from colour 1) say colour 2.

The region 1 lies adjacent to each one of the regions A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H and therefore it should have a different colour say colour 3.

The regions J, L and N can have the same colour (different from colour 3) say colour 1.

The regions K, M and O can have the same colour (different fromthe colours 1 and 3). Thus, these regions will have colour 2.

The region P cannot have any of the colours 1 and 2 as it lies adjacent to each one of the regions J, K, L, M, N and O and so it will have colour 3.

The region Q can have any of the colours 1 or 2.

Minimum number of colours required is 3.

Triangles :

The, simplest triangles are ABI, BGI, GHI, HAI, BCJ, CFJ, FGJ, GBJ, CDK, DEK, EFK and FCK i.e. 12 in number.

The triangles composed of two components each are ABG, BGH, GHA, HAB, BCF, CFG, FGB, GBC, CDE, DEF, EFC and FGD i.e. 12 in number.

The triangles composed of four components each are AGC, BFD, HBF and GCE i.e.4 in number.

Thus, there are 12 + 12 + 4 = 28 triangles in the given figure.

Squares :

The squares composed of two components each are BJGI and CKFJ i.e. 2 in number.

The squares composed of four components each are ABGH, BCFG and CDEF i.e. 3 in number.

Total number of squares in the figure = 2 + 3 = 5.

Triangles:

The simplest triangles are KJN, KJO, CNB, OEF, JIL, JIM, BLA and MFG i.e. 8 in number.

The triangles composed of two components each are CDJ, EDJ, NKO, JLM, JAH and JGH i.e. 6 in number.

The triangles composed of three components each are BKI, FKI, CJA and EJG i.e. 4 in number.

The triangles composed of four components each are CDE and AJG i.e. 2 in number.

The only triangle composed of six components is BKF.

Thus, there are 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 21 triangles in the given figure.

Parallelograms :

The simplest parallelograms are NJLB and JOFM i.e. 2 in number.

The parallelograms composed of two components each are CDKB, DEFK, BIHA and IFGH i.e.4 in number.

The parallelograms composed of three components each are BKJA, KFGJ, CJIB and JEFI i.e.4 in number.

There is only one parallelogram i.e. BFGA composed of four components.

The parallelograms composed of five components each are CDJA, DEGJ, CJHA and JEGH i.e.4 in number.

The only parallelogram composed of six components is CEFB.

The only parallelogram composed of ten components is CEGA.

Thus, there are 2 + 4 + 4 + 1 + 4+ 1 + 1 = 17 parallelograms in the given figure.

(Here note that the squares and rectangles are also counted amongst the parallelograms).

There are 13 circles in the given figure. This is clear from the adjoining figure in which the centres of all the circles in the given figure have been numbered from 1 to 13.

We shall join the centres of all the circles by horizontal and vertical lines and then label the resulting figure as shown.

The simplest squares are ABED, BCFE, DEHG, EFIH, GHKJ and HILK i.e. 6 in number.

The squares composed of four simple squares are ACIG and DFLJ i.e. 2 in number.

Thus, 6 + 2 = 8 squares will be formed.