2. Two 4-bit binary numbers (1011 and 1111) are applied to a 4-bit parallel adder. The carry input is 1. What are the values for the sum and carry output?
4. An output gate is connected to four input gates; the circuit does not function. Preliminary tests with the DMM indicate that the power is applied; scope tests show that the primary input gate has a pulsing signal, while the interconnecting node has no signal. The four load gates are all on different ICs. Which instrument will best help isolate the problem?