Benefits of object-oriented modeling: which grouping best captures common advantages seen in practice?

Introduction / Context:
Object-oriented modeling (OOM) provides a shared way to analyze, design, and implement systems built around collaborating objects. It has both technical and organizational benefits that improve productivity and quality across the software life cycle.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• OOM emphasizes encapsulation, modularity, and clear interfaces.
• Models (use cases, class diagrams, sequence diagrams) serve as communication artifacts.
• Patterns and frameworks encourage reuse.

Concept / Approach:
Consider each proposed benefit: (1) tackling challenging problems is enabled by abstraction and modular design; (2) reuse is central through libraries, frameworks, and patterns; (3) common modeling notations (UML) enhance communication among stakeholders. All are valid and complementary benefits.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Industry practice shows teams using OO modeling to align requirements with designs; frameworks (for example, UI, persistence) demonstrate reuse; modularization enables managing complexity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single option is true but incomplete; the question asks for the best grouping capturing common advantages.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming OO benefits are purely technical; communication and shared understanding are equally important outcomes.

Final Answer:
All of the above.