Default arguments: which statement is incorrect with respect to declaration and usage sites? Pick the option that violates best practice or standard rules.

Introduction / Context:Where you place default arguments affects readability and linkage. The language allows specifying defaults in a declaration; repeating them in multiple places leads to maintenance hazards and can violate the One Definition Rule (ODR) when headers and sources disagree.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Declarations may appear in headers; definitions often live in source files.
• The compiler relies on declarations to form calls during compilation.
• Global constants are in scope for use as default expressions.

Concept / Approach:The standard practice is to specify default arguments exactly once—typically in the function prototype (declaration) in a header. They should not be repeated in the out-of-line definition; doing so duplicates information and can cause inconsistencies if values diverge across translation units.

Step-by-Step Solution:1) Place defaults in a header: void f(int x = DefaultX);2) Define without repeating: void f(int x) { /* ... */ }3) The compiler uses the declaration to substitute missing arguments at call sites.4) Repeating defaults in the definition is discouraged/incorrect and may be ill-formed if it conflicts.

Verification / Alternative check:Inspect any standard library header: defaults appear in declarations (e.g., ios flags manipulators). Out-of-line definitions omit default values.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:Global constants as default values are fine.Defaults in the prototype are correct and conventional.The compiler indeed builds calls from the prototype information at the call site.

Common Pitfalls:Putting different default values in multiple declarations across translation units, causing surprising behavior depending on which declaration a file sees.

Final Answer:The default arguments are given in the function prototype and should be repeated in the function definition.