If the binary eauivalent of 5.375 in normalised form is 0100 0000 1010 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000, what will be the output of the program (on intel machine)?

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
    float a=5.375;
    char *p;
    int i;
    p = (char*)&a;
    for(i=0; i<=3; i++)
        printf("%02x\n", (unsigned char)p[i]);
    return 0;
}

1. itoa() converts an integer to a string.
2. ltoa() converts a long to a string.
3. ultoa() converts an unsigned long to a string.
4. sprintf() sends formatted output to a string, so it can be used to convert any type of values to string type.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
   int   num1 = 12345;
   float num2 = 5.12;
   char str1[20];
   char str2[20];

   itoa(num1, str1, 10); /* 10 radix value */
   printf("integer = %d string = %s \n", num1, str1);

   sprintf(str2, "%f", num2);
   printf("float = %f string = %s", num2, str2);

   return 0;
}

// Output:
// integer = 12345 string = 12345
// float = 5.120000 string = 5.120000

The randomize() function initializes the random number generator with a random value based on time. You can try the sample program given below in Turbo-C, it may not work as expected in other compilers.

/* Prints a random number in the range 0 to 99 */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
    randomize();
    printf("Random number in the 0-99 range: %d\n", random (100));
    return 0;
}

"fflush()" flush any buffered output associated with filename, which is either a file opened for writing or a shell command for redirecting output to a pipe or coprocess.
Example:
fflush(FilePointer);
fflush(NULL); flushes all streams.

The standard error(stderr) stream is the default destination for error messages and other diagnostic warnings. Like stdout, it is usually also directed to the output device of the standard console (generally, the screen).

Do like this fprintf(stdout, "%s %d %f", str, i, a);

Given 3.14 is a double constant.

To specify 3.14 as long double, we have to add L to the 3.14. (i.e 3.14L)

Given 3.14 is a double constant.
To specify 3.14 as float, we have to add f to the 3.14. (i.e 3.14f)

Rounding off a value means replacing it by a nearest value that is approximately equal or smaller or greater to the given number.

y = (int)(x + 0.5); here x is any float value. To roundoff, we have to typecast the value of x by using (int)

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()
{
  float x = 3.6;
  int y = (int)(x + 0.5);
  printf ("Result = %d\n", y );
  return 0;
}

Output:
Result = 4.

fmod(x,y) - Calculates x modulo y, the remainder of x/y.
This function is the same as the modulus operator. But fmod() performs floating point divisions.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main ()
{
  printf ("fmod of 5.5 by 1.3 is %lf\n", fmod (5.5, 1.3) );
  return 0;
}

Output:
fmod of 5.5 by 1.3 is 0.300000