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Para-jumble (machines and life): Reorder the sentences tracing views from pre-machine definitions of life to Cartesian mechanism and modern implications. S1 = "Our ancestors thought that anything which moved itself was alive." S6 = "Therefore some scientists think that life is just a very complicated mechanism." Between S1 and S6, order the historical reasoning: P = "The philosopher Descartes thought that both men and animals were machines." Q = "But a machine such as a motorcar or a steamship moves itself; as soon as machines which moved themselves had been made, people asked, "Is man a machine?"" R = "And before the days of machinery that was a good definition." S = "He also thought that the human machine was partly controlled by the soul acting on a certain part of the brain, while animals had no souls." Choose the correct sequence of P–Q–R–S that completes the paragraph.

Difficulty: Medium

Correct Answer: PSQR

Explanation:

Given data

  • P introduces Descartes' machine view of men and animals.
  • S adds his dualist nuance (soul for humans, none for animals).
  • Q notes that self-moving machines provoke the question whether man is a machine.
  • R remarks that before machinery, the old definition (self-movement) worked fine.

Concept / ApproachPresent the philosophical stance first (P, S), then confront it with technological progress and conceptual tension (Q), and finally reflect on why earlier definitions once seemed adequate (R), leading to S6's modern mechanistic reading.

Final AnswerPSQR

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