S1: | Our ancestors thought that anything which moved itself was alive. |
P : | The philosopher Descartes thought that both men and animals were machines. |
Q : | But a machine such as a motorcar or a steamship moves itself, as soon as machines which moved themselves had been made, people asked "Is man a machine?" |
R : | And before the days of machinery that was a good definition. |
S : | He also thought that the human machine was partly controlled by the soul action on a certain part of the brain, while animals had no souls. |
S6: | Therefore some scientists think that life is just a very complicated mechanism. |
S1: | What are the causes of our chronic food shortage? |
P : | To find for these growing new millions is desperate task. |
Q : | every year, we add more than a crore of persons to our population. |
R : | Despite stupendous efforts by our government, the population is growing unabated. |
S : | The chief cause is the population explosion. |
S6: | This unprecedented growth can drag us to the doors of starvation very soon. |
S1: | An elderly lady suddenly became blind. |
P : | The doctor called daily and every time he took away some of her furniture he liked. |
Q : | At last she was cured and the doctor demanded his fee. |
R : | She agreed to pay a large fee to the doctor who would cure her |
S : | On being refused, the doctor wanted to know the reason. |
S6: | The lady said that she had not been properly cured because she could not see all his furniture. |
S1: | Since the sixties there has been an increasing interest in neurophysiology, which deals with the neural bases of mental activity and behaviour. |
P : | It has format which is very similar to that of Brain and Language, a sister journal. |
Q : | Since then, a number of journals devoted entirely to this area of research have appeared. |
R : | Before the 1960's when this field was the concern of a small number of investigators, research articles were scattered in various neurological journals. |
S : | Brain and cognition is one such journal. |
S6: | So far the journal has published the mixture of articles including reports and investigations. |
S1: | Metals are today being replaced by polymers in many applications. |
P : | Above all, they are cheaper and easier to process making them a viable alternative to metals. |
Q : | Polymers are essentially a long chains of hydrocarbon molecules. |
R : | Today polymers as strong as metals have been developed. |
S : | These have replaced the traditional chromium-plated metallic bumpers in cars. |
S6: | Many Indian Institutes of science and Technology run special programmes on polymer science. |
S1: | Once upon atime there lived three young men in a certain town of Hindustan. |
P : | All the people of the neighbourhood were mortally afraid of them. |
Q : | They were so powerful that they could catch growing lions and tear them to pieces. |
R : | Someone told them that they would become immortal if they killed Death. |
S : | The young men believed themselves to be very good friends. |
S6: | All of them set out in search of their foe called Death. |
S1: | Payment for imports and exports is made through a system called foreign exchange. |
P : | The value of the money of one country in relation to the money of other countries is agreed upon. |
Q : | These rates of exchange vary from time to time. |
R : | For instance, an American dollar or a British pound sterling is worth certain amounts in the money of other countries. |
S : | Sometimes a United States dollar is worth 12 pesos in Mexico. |
S6: | Another time it may be worth eight pesos. |
S1: | Moncure Conway devoted his life to two great objects freedom of thought, and freedom of the individual. |
P : | They threaten both kinds of freedom. |
Q : | But something also has been lost. |
R : | There are now dangers, somewhat different in form from those of the past ages. |
S : | In regard to both these objects, something has been gained since his time. |
S6: | Unless a vigorous and vigilant public opinion can be aroused in defence of them, there will be much less of both a hundred years hence then there is now. |
S1: | The study of speech disorders due to brain injury suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. |
P : | But they succeed in playing games of chess. |
Q : | Some patients, for example fail to find the names of objects presented to them. |
R : | They can even use the concepts needed for chess playing, though they are unable to express many of the concepts in ordinary language. |
S : | They even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. |
S6: | How they manage to do this we do not know. |
S1: | A black haired, young woman came tripping along. |
P : | She was leading a young woman wearing a hat. |
Q : | The woman swept it off and tossed it in the air. |
R : | The child jumped up to catch the hat. |
S : | The young man tossed his head to shake the hat back. |
S6: | Both disappeared from view. |
S1: | We now know that the oceans are very deep. |
P : | For example, the Indian ocean has a range called the Indian Ridge. |
Q : | Much of it is fairly flat. |
R : | However, there are great mountain ranges as well. |
S : | On average the bottom is 2.5 miles to 3.5 miles down |
S6: | This reaches from the India to the Antarctic. |
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