A reliable Transport layer connection uses acknowledgments to make sure all data is transmitted and received reliably. A reliable connection is defined by a virtual circuit that uses acknowledgments, sequencing, and flow control, which are characteristics of the transport layer.
A transmission to the MAC address ff : ff : ff : ff : ff : ff is a broadcast transmission to all stations.
After the expiration of the backoff algorithm , all hosts have equal priority.
To use VLSM, the routing protocols in use possess the capability to transmit subnet mask information.
The typical banner is a message of the day (MOTD) and is set by using the global configuration mode command banner motd.
If you see that a serial interface and the protocol are both down, then you have a physical layer problem. If you see serial 1 is up, line protocol is down, then you are not receiving (Data Link) Keepalives from the remote end.
The command copy tftp flash will allow you to copy a new IOS into flash memory on your router.
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