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- Question
What are set up time & hold time constraints? What do they signify? Which one is critical for estimating maximum clock frequency of a circuit?
- Correct Answer
- Suppose your flip-flop is positive edgetriggered time for which data should be stable prior to positive edge clock is called setup is called setup time constraint Time for which data should be stable after the positive edge of clock is called as hold time constraint If any of these constraints are violate d then flip-flop will enter in meta stable state, in which we cannot determine the output of flip-flop there are two equation: 1 Tcq + Tcomb > Tskew + Thold 2 Tcq + Tcomb > Tskew + T - Tsetup Tcq is time delay when data enters the flip flop and data comes at output of flip flop Tcomb is the logic delay between two flip flop Tskew is the delay of clock to flip flop: suppose there are two flip flop, if clock reaches first to source flip flop and then after some delay to destination flip flop, it is positive skew and if vice versa then negative skew so if you take 2 eq you will see that setup time is the determining factor of clock's time period
- 1. Give two ways of converting a two input NAND gate to an inverter. Discuss
- 2. What is SIM and RIM instructions? Discuss
- 3. What are the various segment registers in 8086? Discuss
- 4. What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086? Discuss
- 5. Name the processor lines of two major manufacturer? Discuss
- 6. How to clear Computer Motherboard CMOS password? Discuss
- 7. Where does CPU Enhanced mode originate from? Discuss
- 8. Why does microprocessor contain ROM chips? Discuss
- 9. Can ROM be used as stack? Discuss
- 10. Differentiate between RAM & ROM? Discuss
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Correct Answer: One way is shorting the two inputs of the NAND gate and passing the input truth table: A B output 1 1 0 0 0 1 The second way is passing the input to only one input (say A) of the NAND gate Since the other input (say B is floating, it is always logic one Truth table: A B output 1 1 0 0 1 1
Correct Answer: SIM is Set Interrupt Mask Used to mask the hardware interrupts RIM is Read Interrupt Mask Used to check whether the interrupt is Masked or not
Correct Answer: Code, Data, Stack, Extra Segment registers in 8086
Correct Answer: 5 Mhz is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086
Correct Answer: High-end: Intel - Pentium (II, III, 4) AMD - Athlon Low-end: Intel - Celeron, AMD - Duron 64-bit: Intel - Itanium 2, AMD - Opteron
Correct Answer: To clear the CMOS password you just remove the CMOS Battery or else you can also use a jumper settings
Correct Answer: Intel's 80386 was the first 32-bit processor, and since the company had to backward support the 8086 All the modern Intel-based processors run in the Enhanced mode, capable of switching between Real mode (just like the real 8086) and Protected mode, which is the current mode of operation
Correct Answer: Microprocessor contain ROM chip beacause it contain instructions to execute data It contain the monitor program which not only include execution instruction but also interfacing program
Correct Answer: ROM cannot be used as stack because it is not possible to write to ROM
Correct Answer: RAM: Read / Write memory, High Speed, Volatile Memory ROM: Read only memory, low speed, non volite memory
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