Difference between ER Modeling and Dimensional Modeling.

Correct Answer: View: - Tail raid data representation is provided by a view to access data from its table - It has logical structure can not occupy space - Changes get affected in corresponding tables Materialized view - Pre calculated data persists in materialized view - It has physical data space occupation - Changes will not get affected in corresponding tables

Correct Answer: Star schema: A highly de-normalized technique A star schema has one fact table and is associated with numerous dimensions table and depicts a star Snow flake schema: The normalized principles applied star schema is known as Snow flake schema Every dimension table is associated with sub dimension table Differences: - A dimension table will not have parent table in star schema, whereas snow flake schemas have one or more parent tables - The dimensional table itself consists of hierarchies of dimensions in star schema, where as hierarchies are split into different tables in snow flake schema The drilling down data from top most hierarchies to the lowermost hierarchies can be done

Correct Answer: Dimensional modeling is often used in Data warehousing In simpler words it is a rational or consistent design technique used to build a data warehouse DM uses facts and dimensions of a warehouse for its design A snow and star flake schema represent data modeling

Correct Answer: OLTP stands for OnLine Transaction Processing Applications that supports and manges transactions which involve high volumes of data are supported by OLTP system OLTP is based on client-server architecture and supports transactions across networks OLAP stands for OnLine Analytical Processing Business data analysis and complex calculations on low volumes of data are performed by OLAP An insight of data coming from various resources can be gained by a user with the support of OLAP

Correct Answer: Business facts or measures and foreign keys are persisted in fact tables which are referred as candidate keys in dimension tables Additive values are usually provided by the fact tables which acts as independent variables by which dimensional attributes are analyzed Attributes that are used to constrain and group data for performing data warehousing queries are persisted in the dimension tables

Correct Answer: Data Mart is a data repository which is served to a community of people who works on knowledge (also known as knowledge workers) The data resource can be from enterprise resources or from a data warehouse

Correct Answer: At the time of updating the data warehouse, a lookup table is used When placed on the fact table or warehouse based upon the primary key of the target, the update is takes place only by allowing new records or updated records depending upon the condition of lookup The materialized views are aggregate tables It contains summarized data For example, to generate sales reports on weekly or monthly or yearly basis instead of daily basis of an application, the date values are aggregated into week values, week values are aggregated into month values and month values into year values To perform this process aggregate function is used

Correct Answer: Data cleaning is also known as data scrubbing Data cleaning is a process which ensures the set of data is correct and accurate Data accuracy and consistency, data integration is checked during data cleaning Data cleaning can be applied for a set of records or multiple sets of data which need to be merged Data cleaning is performed by reading all records in a set and verifying their accuracy Typos and spelling errors are rectified Mislabeled data if available is labeled and filed Incomplete or missing entries are completed Unrecoverable records are purged, for not to take space and inefficient operations

Correct Answer: Bitmap indexes make use of bit arrays (bitmaps) to answer queries by performing bitwise logical operations Bitmap indexes are useful in the data warehousing applications Bitmap indexes have a significant space and performance advantage over other structures for such data Tables that have less number of insert or update operations can be good candidates The advantages of Bitmap indexes are: - They have a highly compressed structure, making them fast to read - Their structure makes it possible for the system to combine multiple indexes together so that they can access the underlying table faster The Disadvantage of Bitmap indexes is: - The overhead on maintaining them is enormous

Correct Answer: Cluster analysis is used to define the object without giving the class label It analyzes all the data that is present in the data warehouse and compare the cluster with the cluster that is already running It performs the task of assigning some set of objects into the groups are also known as clusters It is used to perform the data mining job using the technique like statistical data analysis It includes all the information and knowledge around many fields like machine learning, pattern recognition, image analysis and bio-informatics Cluster analysis performs the iterative process of knowledge discovery and includes trials and failures It is used with the pre-processing and other parameters as a result to achieve the properties that are desired to be used