In the following logical reasoning question, two categorical statements are given about animals, followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if they appear unrealistic, and then decide which conclusion or conclusions follow from them. Statements: (I) All horses are bullocks. (II) All bullocks are goats. Conclusions: (I) All horses are goats. (II) All goats are horses. Choose the option that correctly identifies which conclusion or conclusions logically follow from the given statements.

Introduction / Context:
This is a standard syllogism question where you are given two “all” type statements describing relationships between three sets: horses, bullocks, and goats. Your goal is to see what must logically follow from the chain of inclusions, without worrying about whether the statements are realistic in everyday life.

Given Data / Assumptions:
Treat the following as true.

• Statement I: All horses are bullocks.
• Statement II: All bullocks are goats.
• Conclusion I: All horses are goats.
• Conclusion II: All goats are horses.

Concept / Approach:
When we have “All A are B” and “All B are C”, then we can deduce “All A are C”. However, we generally cannot reverse these relations without further information. We represent these as nested sets: the set A lies inside B, which lies inside C.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Visualise three nested circles. Place the Horse circle inside the Bullock circle. Then place the Bullock circle inside the Goat circle. Clearly, every horse lies within the Goat circle. But you can easily imagine many goats that are outside the Bullock circle and therefore also outside the Horse circle. This shows conclusion I is valid, but conclusion II is not.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option B states only conclusion II follows, which is wrong because conclusion II reverses the direction of containment. Option C states neither conclusion follows, ignoring the straightforward chain that gives conclusion I. Option D says both conclusions follow, which would require the Goat set and Horse set to be equal, and that is never implied by the given information.

Common Pitfalls:
Many learners mistakenly assume that if all horses are goats, then all goats must be horses. This confusion arises from reversing the “all” statement. Remember that “All A are B” does not mean “All B are A”. Logical reasoning questions often test exactly this misunderstanding.

Final Answer:
The only conclusion that necessarily follows is conclusion I. Therefore, the correct answer is “Only conclusion I follows.”