Statement–Assumption — Bottled water companies X and Y deny contamination: “Our products are made under rigorous quality control meeting all BIS standards.” Assumptions: I) Production under rigorous quality control yields trustworthy (safe) results. II) The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the competent authority to set quality benchmarks. Choose the implicit assumption(s).

Introduction / Context:
The companies rebut contamination allegations by citing two pillars: (1) “rigorous quality control,” and (2) conformity to BIS standards. In argument analysis, when a defence invokes two independent supports, the speaker typically presupposes both supports are credible and relevant.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Claim: water is not contaminated.
• Support A: rigorous QC during production.
• Support B: compliance with BIS standards.

Concept / Approach:
Assumption I is required because the defence appeals to QC; if rigorous QC could still yield untrustworthy outputs, invoking it would not reassure. Assumption II is also required since the defence leverages BIS compliance; if BIS were not recognized as the legitimate standard-setter, that appeal would be toothless. Therefore the argument relies on both I and II. However, the option set does not include “both I and II.” In such cases, the correct selection is “None of these,” which stands for “none of the four preceding patterns (only I / only II / either / neither) describes the situation,” leaving “both” as the implied resolution.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Real-world corporate responses regularly pair internal process assurances with external standard compliance precisely because both together build credibility.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Only I/II” ignores one pillar; “either” treats them as substitutes, but both are claimed; “neither” contradicts the structure of the defence.

Common Pitfalls:
Forgetting that “None of these” often encodes the “both” case when not otherwise provided.

Final Answer:
None of these (both Assumptions I and II are implicit).