First and third Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some books are novels. ? All novels are magazines.
I + A ? I-type of Conclusion. "Some books are magazines."
It is Conclusion II.
Conclusions I and IV form Complementary Pair. Therefore, either Conclusion I or IV follows.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A?type).
All cycles are ducks. ? All ducks are swans.
A + A ? A?type of Conclusion "All cycles are swans."
Conclusion II is the Converse of it.
All intelligent people are creative. It implies that some creative people are intelligent. This is Conclusion I Conclusion II is the same as the statement.
Venn diagram:
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some flowers are roses. ? All roses are yellow.
I + A ? I-type of Conclusion "Some flowers are yellow."
Conclusion I is the Implication of the first Premise.
First Premise is Universal Negative (E?type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A?type).
No pencil is eraser. ? All erasers are sharpeners.
E + A ? O1 ? type of Conclusion. "Some sharpeners are not pencils."
Venn diagrams
Therefore, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
All fish are tortoise. ? No tortoise is a crocodile.
A + E ? E - type of Conclusion "No fish is a crocodile".
This is Conclusion II.
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
Some blue is red and All red is green. Therefore, some blue is green.
Clearly, no black is yellow. Thus, only Conclusions I and II follow.
Some buses are four-wheelers. ? All four-wheelers are vans.
I + A ? I-type of Conclusion. "Some buses are vans".
This is Conclusion II.
Conclusion I is Converse of this Conclusion.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Some spinsters are teachers. ? All teachers are experienced.
I + A ? I-type of Conclusion "Some spinsters are experienced."
This is Conclusion II.
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
Both the Premises are Universal Negative (E - type).
No Conclusion follows from the two negative Premises.
The first Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
The second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Most players are men. ? Some man are singers.
A + I ? No Conclusion
Conclusion I is Converse of the second statement.
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