Introduction:
The concept of a node underpins circuit analysis techniques such as nodal analysis and Kirchhoff’s current law. Accurately identifying nodes is essential for writing equations and understanding how signals and currents distribute in a network.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Passive and active components are connected by conductors.
- Ideal wires have negligible impedance for topological definitions.
- Analysis follows standard circuit theory conventions.
Concept / Approach:
A node is defined topologically, not functionally: it is any point of interconnection among two or more circuit elements. All points on the same continuous conductor (with no intervening elements) belong to the same node and share the same electrical potential at a given instant.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify continuous conducting paths between element terminals.2) Group all physically connected points with no intervening elements as one node.3) Assign a reference (ground) node; express other node voltages relative to it.
Verification / Alternative check:
Use a continuity check (mentally or in CAD) to verify that points designated as a node are indeed directly connected.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A circuit implemented strictly as a sum-of-products: That describes a realization style, not a topological point.The complete set of output signals: That refers to signals/ports, not a connection point.A permanently shorted input terminal: A fault condition, not a definition of a node.
Common Pitfalls:
Confusing nodes with components or ports.Splitting a single conductor into multiple “nodes” when no element lies in between.
Final Answer:
A common point in a circuit where two or more elements connect
Discussion & Comments