Interfacing a DBMS with other tools: information can be transferred between a database and which types of end-user programs through import/export or connectors?

Introduction / Context:
Databases rarely live in isolation. Users pull data into spreadsheets for analysis, mail merge into documents, or chart results in graphics tools. The question asks which categories of programs can exchange data with a DBMS, typically via import/export, ODBC/JDBC, or built-in connectors.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We consider common desktop tools used with data.
• Connectivity may use CSV/JSON exports, direct drivers, or APIs.
• Transfer can be bidirectional: import to DBMS or export from it.

Concept / Approach:
Modern DBMS platforms provide many integration paths: spreadsheets (for pivoting and modeling), word processors (for mail merge or templated documents), and graphics/BI programs (for visualization). Because all three interactions are common and supported, the inclusive answer applies.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Real-world workflows: export query results to CSV for spreadsheets; mail merges with word processors; dashboards built in visualization tools fed directly by database connectors.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Copy-pasting data without preserving data types or encodings; prefer structured exports and parameterized connections.

Final Answer:
All of the above