Fundamentals: In relational databases, the acronym SQL stands for which of the following?

Introduction / Context:
SQL is the standard language used to define, manipulate, and control relational data. Knowing the correct expansion of the acronym is foundational.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• SQL originated at IBM (as SEQUEL) and evolved under ANSI/ISO standards.
• Used for DDL, DML, and DCL/TCL statements.

Concept / Approach:
Despite historical naming (SEQUEL), the formal expanded name is “Structured Query Language.” It reflects the declarative nature and structured schema of relational databases.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Any DBMS documentation (Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL) references SQL as Structured Query Language.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They are nonstandard expansions and do not reflect the accepted industry terminology.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing the historical “SEQUEL” acronym with the modern “SQL.”

Final Answer:
Structured Query Language