Shock absorbers (dampers) — energy pathway during suspension motion In an automobile suspension, what is the primary function of the damper (shock absorber) with respect to energy?

Introduction / Context:
Springs and dampers work together to manage ride comfort and stability. Clarifying each component’s role prevents common misconceptions about “absorbing” vs “dissipating” energy.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Coil or leaf spring plus hydraulic damper.
• Vehicle experiencing bumps and rebounds.
• Hydraulic damper with valves and orifices.

Concept / Approach:
Springs store potential energy when compressed or extended and then release it. Dampers convert the suspension’s kinetic energy into heat by forcing oil through restrictions, thereby dissipating energy and reducing oscillations. Without damping, the system would oscillate excessively after a disturbance.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Road input excites the sprung mass → spring stores energy.Damper resists motion with velocity-proportional force.Hydraulic losses convert mechanical energy to heat → energy is dissipated.

Verification / Alternative check:
Temperature rise in dampers after rough-road driving demonstrates energy conversion to heat. Damping coefficients are tuned to balance comfort and control.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Absorb energy: ambiguous; the damper transforms and dissipates, not store.
• Release or increase energy: contrary to the physical role of a damper.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming stiffer dampers “support” weight; springs support static load, dampers control motion rate.

Final Answer:
dissipate the energy