A well designed computer program is typically based on which of the following elements?

Introduction / Context:
Software development is more than just typing code into an editor. Before writing code, programmers usually analyse the problem, design an algorithm, and sometimes draw a flowchart to visualise the logic. The finished program is then a precise sequence of logical steps that the computer can follow. This question checks whether you recognise that all of these elements contribute to constructing a good computer program.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The options mention flowchart, algorithm, and logical steps.
• We are considering typical structured programming practices.
• The program is expected to solve a defined problem reliably.
• The question is from a basic computer fundamentals perspective, not a specific methodology.

Concept / Approach:
An algorithm is a finite, step by step method for solving a problem. A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of that algorithm using standard symbols. Both help the programmer plan the solution before coding. The final program itself is a collection of logical steps written in a programming language, implementing the algorithm. Thus, all three elements are related: the algorithm defines the logic, the flowchart visualises it, and the program encodes it. For exam purposes, it is correct to say that a computer program consists of or is based on all of these together.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recognise that an algorithm is the conceptual blueprint of the solution, written in plain language or pseudocode. Step 2: Understand that a flowchart uses arrows and boxes to show the flow of control and decisions in the algorithm. Step 3: Realise that the actual program is a translation of the algorithm into a programming language as logical steps. Step 4: Observe that each element supports the others: clear algorithms and flowcharts lead to clearer code. Step 5: Compare the options and see that each individual item is part of program development. Step 6: Select the combined option stating that all of the above elements are involved.

Verification / Alternative check:
Programming textbooks often present a development process in stages: problem definition, algorithm design, flowcharting, coding, testing, and maintenance. Example problems show an algorithm and a flowchart before showing the final code. In structured programming courses, the logical structure of a program is traced back to algorithms and flowcharts. This educational practice supports the idea that all three elements belong to the process of building a program.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A flowchart that visually outlines the logic: Important, but a program is not just the diagram. An algorithm that describes the method step by step: Essential, but the final program also includes implementation details. A sequence of logical steps implemented in code: Describes the program itself, but does not acknowledge the design aids used to create it.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners may focus only on the code and underestimate the importance of planning with algorithms and flowcharts. This can lead to poorly structured programs that are hard to debug. Others may think that drawing a flowchart alone is enough, forgetting that it must be translated into a working program. To answer exam questions correctly, remember that good programs are typically based on clear algorithms, supported by flowcharts, and implemented as logical code steps.

Final Answer:
A well designed computer program is typically based on All of the above elements together: algorithms, flowcharts, and logical steps in code.