In computer architecture, the central processor of a computer consists mainly of which two logical parts?

Introduction / Context:
This question deals with the internal structure of the central processing unit in a computer system. Basic computer organisation courses describe how the processor carries out instructions and manipulates data. In that description, two major sub units are always highlighted. Knowing these names helps you understand how high level programs are executed at the hardware level and is common in computer awareness exams.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The subject is the processor, also commonly called the CPU.
• We are asked about its main logical parts.
• Options include pairs such as CPU and main memory, or control unit and ALU.
• Assume a standard von Neumann architecture model as taught in basic courses.

Concept / Approach:
In classic computer architecture, the CPU is divided into two principal sub units. The control unit directs operations inside the processor, fetching instructions from memory, decoding them and generating control signals. The arithmetic logic unit, or ALU, performs arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction and logical operations like AND, OR and comparisons. Together, the control unit and ALU execute instructions that make up programs. Main memory and storage devices are separate components, not parts of the processor itself. Therefore, the pair that correctly describes the internal composition of the CPU is control unit and ALU.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbooks on computer organisation often present a block diagram showing the CPU with two main blocks inside: the control unit and the ALU. They may also show registers and buses, but the fundamental conceptual split is always between control and data manipulation. Course notes and oral exam questions also ask you to list the two main components of the CPU, expecting the answer control unit and ALU. When you look at explanations of how an instruction cycle works, you see the control unit fetching and decoding instructions and the ALU performing operations on operands. This consistent description across learning resources confirms that control unit and ALU is the correct answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• CPU and main memory: The CPU and main memory together form the central processing and storage units of a computer, but main memory is not a part of the processor.
• Hard disk and floppy drive: These are secondary storage devices and are external to the CPU.
• Operating system and applications: These are software layers, not hardware components of the processor.
• Cache memory and printer: Cache may be associated with the CPU for speed, but the printer is an external output device, not part of the processor.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners confuse the CPU with the entire system unit cabinet and may pick answers that include memory and storage. Others focus on software terms like operating system and forget that the question is asking about the processor hardware structure. To avoid these mistakes, remember that at a basic level the CPU breaks down into one unit that decides what to do next, the control unit, and another that carries out calculations, the ALU. Keeping this clear mental picture makes such questions straightforward.

Final Answer:
The central processor mainly consists of the Control unit and ALU working together.