Electromagnetic generator basics: In a generator, which component delivers electrical power to the external circuit (i.e., where the induced voltage and current are produced)?

Introduction / Context:
Electric generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy using electromagnetic induction. Knowing the role of each component clarifies troubleshooting and design: the field creates the magnetic flux, the armature cuts the flux to generate voltage, and the brushes/commutator or slip rings transfer power to the load.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conventional DC or AC generator construction is considered.
• The magnetic field is provided by field windings or permanent magnets.
• The armature conductors move relative to the magnetic flux.

Concept / Approach:
By Faraday’s law, an emf is induced when conductors experience changing magnetic flux linkage. In a generator, the armature winding is the location of these conductors, so induced voltage appears across its terminals and it delivers power to the external circuit. The field winding provides the magnetic field but does not deliver the generated output; the commutator/brush assembly serves as a mechanical rectifier or a sliding contact, not as the power-producing element.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
In practical machines, measuring open-circuit voltage at the armature terminals confirms that the generated emf is on the armature side; changes in field current vary the voltage by changing flux, but the power path remains through the armature.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Field winding: Creates magnetic flux; it controls but does not deliver generated output power.

• Commutator/brush: Provide mechanical/electrical interface; they transfer the armature's generated power but do not generate it.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing control of generated voltage (field excitation) with the location where power is generated. Remember: flux from the field, emf in the armature, delivery via commutator/brushes or slip rings.

Final Answer:
armature