Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

• providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir.
• decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must flow.
• using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft.
• all (a), (b) and (c).