Separation using forces greater than gravity: What is the process called when solids and fluids of different densities are separated by applying a centrifugal field?

Introduction / Context:
Many suspensions settle too slowly under gravity for practical throughput. By imposing high centrifugal acceleration, separation times can be reduced by orders of magnitude compared with simple sedimentation tanks.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Mixture contains a denser dispersed solid (or a denser liquid phase) and a lighter continuous phase.
• Equipment such as disc-stack, decanter, or tubular-bowl centrifuges is considered.
• Goal is rapid clarification, thickening, or phase splitting.

Concept / Approach:

Centrifugation replaces gravitational acceleration g with an effective field N*g, where N can be hundreds to tens of thousands in high-speed centrifuges. Terminal velocities scale accordingly, yielding fast separations governed by Stokes-type relationships adapted to centrifugal fields.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Industrial practice uses centrifugation for biomass harvesting, lube oil purification, and cream separation—classic applications of high “g” separation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Sedimentation: Gravity only. Flocculation: Chemistry to enlarge particles. Dispersion: Opposite of separation; creates small droplets/particles.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing centrifugation with filtration centrifuges; both use rotation, but the former relies on density differences rather than porous media flow resistance.

Final Answer:

Centrifugation