Explosives precursors: The aromatic chemical predominantly used to manufacture TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) is

Introduction / Context:
TNT is a classic high explosive produced by nitration of an aromatic hydrocarbon. Recognizing its precursor is important in petrochemical feedstock management, safety, and regulatory control. While several aromatics occur in coal by-products and petroleum streams, only specific structures yield TNT efficiently.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• TNT stands for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
• Nitration adds nitro groups to an aromatic ring under controlled conditions.
• Feedstock purity and substitution pattern direct the nitration pathway and yield.

Concept / Approach:

The name “trinitrotoluene” indicates that the parent aromatic is toluene (methylbenzene). Sequential nitration yields mono-, di-, and finally trinitro derivatives predominantly at 2,4,6 positions due to the methyl group’s directing effects under mixed-acid conditions. Benzol is a mixture of light aromatics, not a single compound; pyridine is a heteroaromatic (not nitrated to TNT), and creosote is a tar distillate mixture. Xylenes are dimethylbenzenes and nitration of xylene gives nitroxylene isomers, not TNT.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Process descriptions of TNT manufacture consistently start from toluene feed, mixed-acid nitration, and subsequent purification/stabilization steps.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Benzol is a mixture; pyridine’s ring chemistry is different; creosote is a complex oil fraction; xylene would form nitroxylenes, not TNT.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing “benzol” with benzene; overlooking how substituents direct nitration positions on aromatic rings.

Final Answer:

Toluene