Data-conversion accuracy — During A/D conversion, the analog input can change while the converter is deciding the code. The error introduced specifically by input change during the conversion interval is called:

Introduction:
Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) must measure an essentially instantaneous value of a time-varying analog signal. If the signal changes during the time the ADC samples/holds and converts, an extra error beyond quantization can appear. Recognizing this phenomenon helps you choose proper sample-and-hold (S/H) strategies and conversion speeds.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Input signal may vary with time.
• ADC requires nonzero time to acquire and convert.
• Ideal quantizer aside, we focus on the error due to input change during sampling/conversion.

Concept / Approach:

When the analog input changes while the ADC is acquiring or converting, the captured value deviates from the desired instantaneous value. This is categorized broadly as sampling error. In precise timing discussions, aperture error (or aperture uncertainty) denotes timing jitter causing similar effects, but in many basic treatments, any change during conversion is grouped under sampling error.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Data sheets specify acquisition time, aperture jitter, and required input bandwidth. Violating these leads to errors attributable to sampling rather than quantization or resolution limits.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• quantization error: Due to finite step size; present even with perfect sampling.
• resolution error: Informal term for limited LSB size; not due to time variation.
• Nyquist error: Aliasing due to undersampling, a different phenomenon.
• aperture (timing) error: Closely related in advanced texts, but the question’s broad term is sampling error.

Common Pitfalls:

• Blaming LSB size when the real issue is inadequate hold or excessive jitter.
• Ignoring input slew rate versus acquisition time constraints.

Final Answer:

sampling error