In 1965, the title of the Executive Head of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir was changed from \"Sadar-i-Riyasat\" to \"Governor\" by which of the following actions?

Introduction / Context:
Before the constitutional changes that altered its special status, Jammu and Kashmir had certain unique institutions and titles, including the office of \"Sadar-i-Riyasat\" as the Executive Head of the State. In 1965, this title was replaced by the more common term \"Governor\". This question tests whether you know the specific legal mechanism through which this important change was made, illustrating how State constitutions could be amended under the earlier constitutional arrangement.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The office originally called \"Sadar-i-Riyasat\" was the Executive Head of Jammu and Kashmir.
• In 1965, this title was changed to \"Governor\".
• The options include a Lok Sabha resolution, an executive order of Parliament, the 6th Amendment to the State Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir, and a State Government order under Article 371.
• We assume knowledge of the special constitutional position of Jammu and Kashmir prior to later constitutional changes.

Concept / Approach:
Under the earlier constitutional framework, Jammu and Kashmir had its own Constitution, adopted in 1957. Changes to the internal structure and nomenclature of key offices often required amendments to the State Constitution. In 1965, the 6th Amendment to the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir was passed, which among other things replaced the title \"Sadar-i-Riyasat\" with \"Governor\" and aligned the State's executive structure more closely with that of other Indian States. Therefore, the correct answer is that the change was made by the 6th Amendment to the State Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Jammu and Kashmir once had its own Constitution in addition to the Constitution of India.Step 2: Recognise that the title \"Sadar-i-Riyasat\" was used for the State's Executive Head under this State Constitution.Step 3: Note that in 1965, a significant constitutional change took place, bringing the nomenclature in line with the standard \"Governor\" used in other States.Step 4: Understand that such a structural and nomenclature change in the State's executive organization required a formal amendment to the State Constitution.Step 5: Identify that this was done through the 6th Amendment to the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir.Step 6: Compare with the options and select the one referring to the 6th Amendment in the State Constitution.

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard polity textbooks that cover the special status of Jammu and Kashmir mention that the change from \"Sadar-i-Riyasat\" to \"Governor\" in 1965 occurred due to the 6th Amendment to the State Constitution. This amendment also made related changes to the office of the Head of State and its relationship to the President of India. Neither a simple Lok Sabha resolution nor a State Government order would have had the constitutional force necessary to change such a fundamental provision in the State Constitution, confirming that a formal constitutional amendment was involved.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• A Lok Sabha resolution: Resolutions of the Lok Sabha can express the will of the House but do not directly amend a State Constitution.
• An executive order of the Parliament: Parliament cannot change the internal provisions of a State Constitution by executive order; constitutional amendments require a specific legal process.
• A State Government order under Article 371: Article 371 contains special provisions for certain States, but changing the title of the State Head of Jammu and Kashmir required amending the State's own Constitution, not merely an administrative order.

Common Pitfalls:
Candidates sometimes underestimate the importance of State constitutional amendments in the earlier constitutional position of Jammu and Kashmir. It is easy to assume that Parliament or the Lok Sabha could simply pass a resolution or issue an order. However, when dealing with entrenched provisions in a Constitution, proper amendment procedures must be followed. A reliable exam strategy is to remember that 1965 and the change from \"Sadar-i-Riyasat\" to \"Governor\" are specifically associated with the 6th Amendment to the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir.

Final Answer:
The title of the Executive Head of Jammu and Kashmir was changed from \"Sadar-i-Riyasat\" to \"Governor\" in 1965 by the 6th Amendment to the State Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir.