Cell Theory – Foundational Principle: Which statement captures the core of modern cell theory regarding the organization of life?

Introduction / Context:
Cell theory is a cornerstone of biology. It explains what living things are made of and how life perpetuates. The question asks which statement reflects the essential idea of this theory.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We refer to the modern cell theory.
• It applies to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
• “Basic unit of life” means structural, functional, and organizational unit.

Concept / Approach:
Core tenets: (1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. (2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. (3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells. Additional modern refinements include hereditary information in DNA and metabolism occurring within cells.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Evaluate each choice against the classical and modern tenets.2) Identify the statement that succinctly expresses the central principle.3) Confirm it is general (applies to all life) and not restricted to a subgroup.

Verification / Alternative check:
Prokaryotes (bacteria, archaea) are fully cellular, confirming that cell theory transcends eukaryotes.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option A misstates cell origin. Option B contradicts cell theory: organism function emerges from cell functions. Option D ignores prokaryotes.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “basic unit” equals “smallest molecule” (molecules are not alive).

Final Answer:
The cell is the basic unit of life.