Statement–Assumption (Brain-Drain to “Greener Pastures”): Statement: “Every year doctors, scientists, and engineers migrate from India to greener pastures.” Assumptions: I) Brain-drain has adversely affected India. II) Better pay scales and higher standards of living lure these professionals.

Introduction / Context:The statement describes an observed trend: professionals migrate abroad to “greener pastures.” We must parse what the idiom and the context minimally presuppose. Remember: the task is not to judge policy but to identify the indispensable background belief(s) that make the sentence sensible as stated.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Trend: Annual migration of high-skilled professionals.
• Assumption I: The migration harms India.
• Assumption II: Attractive compensation/quality-of-life factors lure them.

Concept / Approach:“Greener pastures” semantically encodes comparative advantage/attraction elsewhere (e.g., better pay, facilities, lifestyle). Thus, II is embedded in the phrasing. By contrast, asserting harm to India (I) is evaluative and not necessary for the descriptive statement: one could report the migration without judging national impact.

Step-by-Step Solution:1) Test II: If no attractive pull factors exist, the idiom “greener pastures” loses meaning; II is necessary.2) Test I: The sentence does not state consequences for India; removing the claim of harm does not render the observation incoherent.

Verification / Alternative check:Rephrase without evaluation: “Every year professionals migrate abroad for perceived better opportunities.” This preserves the statement while staying neutral about impact on India, confirming I is not required.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Only I/Both/Either” incorrectly import a value judgment about national loss into a merely descriptive trend statement. “Neither” ignores the baked-in connotation of “greener pastures.”

Common Pitfalls:Confusing a widely debated policy issue (brain-drain harms) with what the sentence logically requires to be true.

Final Answer:Only Assumption II is implicit.