Lipoprotein metabolism – Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are synthesized predominantly in which organ?

Introduction / Context:
Lipoproteins transport lipids through the aqueous bloodstream. Each class has a distinct site of assembly and apolipoprotein composition. VLDLs carry endogenously synthesized triacylglycerols from the liver to peripheral tissues. Identifying their origin is core to dyslipidemia and cardiovascular biochemistry.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• VLDLs contain ApoB-100, ApoE, and ApoCs.
• Chylomicrons are of intestinal origin and carry dietary lipids.
• The liver exports endogenous triacylglycerols and cholesterol via VLDL.

Concept / Approach:
Hepatocytes assemble VLDL particles in the endoplasmic reticulum, requiring microsomal triglyceride transfer protein for ApoB-100 lipidation. Secreted VLDL matures in plasma by acquiring ApoC-II and ApoE from HDL and is progressively lipolyzed by lipoprotein lipase, yielding IDL and LDL.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Clinical markers link hepatic overproduction of VLDL with hypertriglyceridemia; genetic defects in MTP impair VLDL secretion, causing abetalipoproteinemia.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Intestine produces chylomicrons (ApoB-48), not VLDL.
• Blood is a transport medium, not a site of synthesis.
• Pancreas/adipose do not assemble VLDL particles.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing chylomicron and VLDL origins because both carry triacylglycerols.

Final Answer:
Liver (hepatocytes)