Endocrinology overview — Into how many broad classes are human steroid hormones commonly grouped (for example, glucocorticoids vs mineralocorticoids)?

Introduction:
Steroid hormones are cholesterol-derived signaling molecules that regulate metabolism, salt balance, inflammation, and reproduction. This question asks for the standard number of broad classes used in human physiology and biochemistry texts.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Steroid hormone classes are defined by biosynthetic pathways and receptor targets.
• Categories group hormones with related structures and functions.
• Examples include adrenal and gonadal steroids.

Concept / Approach:
The commonly cited five classes are: glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone), androgens (e.g., testosterone), estrogens (e.g., estradiol), and progestogens (e.g., progesterone). Some texts also discuss secosteroids (vitamin D) separately, but the classic endocrine classification lists five groups.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Endocrinology references uniformly present these five categories; clinical assays and receptor families (GR, MR, AR, ER, PR) map onto them.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 2–4 classes: omit established categories.
• 6: overcounts beyond the standard five (unless including secosteroids as a separate class, which is not the typical exam convention).

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing structural classes with tissue sources or receptor subtypes. The accepted introductory answer is five classes.

Final Answer:
5.