Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: Only III is strong
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
Public health bans are justified when clear, material harms exist and less restrictive alternatives cannot achieve the objective. The strength of the arguments turns on evidence and proportionality.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Test necessity and evidence claims. Overbroad or appeal-to-others reasoning is weak; evidence-based rebuttals are stronger.
Step-by-Step Solution:
I: Overstates necessity by claiming a ban is the only way; milder tools (warnings, sugar taxes, age limits in specific contexts) exist. Weak.II: Rights matter but are limited by proven public harms; argument is generic and does not address health evidence or alternatives. We treat it as insufficient alone.III: Strong. If there is no confirmed adverse effect, proportionality fails; bans require robust evidence of significant harm.IV: Appeal to other countries is not determinative; contexts differ, and not all have bans.
Verification / Alternative check:
Risk-proportionate approaches typically precede bans unless harms are severe and well established.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Combinations including I or IV rely on weak logic; II alone does not suffice against public health rationales.
Common Pitfalls:
Treating bans as first resort; citing foreign practice as proof.
Final Answer:
Only III is strong
Discussion & Comments