Blocks of identical copies kept together: A library has two books each with three identical copies, and three other books each with two identical copies. In how many ways can all these books be arranged on a shelf so that copies of the same book are not separated (i.e., kept together)?

Difficulty: Medium

Correct Answer: 120

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
We have five distinct titles with multiple identical copies per title: two titles have 3 copies each, three titles have 2 copies each. Since identical copies within a title are indistinguishable and must be kept together, each title forms a single block on the shelf.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Titles: A, B with 3 identical copies each; C, D, E with 2 identical copies each.
  • “Not separated” means all copies of a title appear contiguously, acting as one block.
  • Identical copies ⇒ internal permutations within a block do not create new arrangements.


Concept / Approach:
Treat each title as one block. Then we simply arrange 5 distinct blocks on the shelf.


Step-by-Step Solution:

Number of blocks = 5Arrangements of 5 distinct blocks = 5! = 120No internal multiplicative factor: copies per block are identical, not distinct.


Verification / Alternative check:
Alternative reasoning confirms that any reordering within a block of identical copies is not distinguishable and thus does not increase the count.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:
180, 160, 140 imply extra (nonexistent) internal permutations or incorrect block counts.


Common Pitfalls:
Treating identical copies as distinct (which would erroneously multiply the count).


Final Answer:
120

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