The Chinese Revolution of 1911 brought to an end the rule of which imperial dynasty that had been established by the Manchus?

Introduction / Context:
The 1911 Chinese Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution, was a turning point in Chinese history. It ended more than two thousand years of imperial rule and led to the establishment of a republic. To understand this change, it is important to know which dynasty was ruling at the time and which ruling group was associated with it. The question tests basic knowledge of Chinese dynastic history and the connection between the revolution and the fall of the last imperial house.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question states that the Chinese Revolution of 1911 ended the rule of a dynasty established by the Manchus.

• The options list the Ming, Mongolian, Song, and Manchus dynasty.

• We assume that Manchus dynasty refers to the Qing dynasty, which was founded by the Manchu people.

• The revolution took place in the early twentieth century, so the dynasty must still have been ruling at that time.

Concept / Approach:
China last imperial dynasty was the Qing dynasty, which was established by the Manchus in the seventeenth century after they overthrew the Ming dynasty. The Qing ruled until the early twentieth century, when the 1911 Revolution forced the abdication of the last emperor and led to the creation of the Republic of China. Ming and Song dynasties had ended long before that date, and the phrase Mongolian dynasty is not the standard name for the final imperial house in China, which confirms that the Manchu founded Qing dynasty is the correct answer.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that the Qing dynasty was founded by the Manchus and replaced the Ming dynasty in the seventeenth century. Step 2: Remember that this dynasty continued to rule China until the early twentieth century, making it the last imperial dynasty. Step 3: Note that the 1911 Revolution led to widespread uprisings, the weakening of imperial authority, and finally the abdication of the last Qing emperor. Step 4: Compare this with the Ming and Song dynasties, which had ended centuries earlier and therefore could not have been ruling in 1911. Step 5: Recognise that the answer must refer to the Manchu founded dynasty, commonly called the Qing, and select the option that identifies the Manchus dynasty.

Verification / Alternative check:
Histories of modern China describe the Xinhai Revolution as the event that toppled the Qing dynasty. They explain that the Qing had faced internal rebellions, foreign intervention, and reform pressures for decades before finally collapsing in 1911. The Ming dynasty, by contrast, is associated with earlier centuries, and the Song dynasty belongs to an even earlier period. No major textbook refers to a Mongolian dynasty as the last imperial house in China in 1911, which confirms that the Manchu Qing dynasty is the correct answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• The Ming dynasty ended in the seventeenth century when the Manchus conquered China and established the Qing dynasty, so it was not ruling in 1911.

• Mongolian dynasty is an imprecise phrase and does not correspond to the recognised name of the last Chinese imperial regime at the time of the revolution.

• The Song dynasty collapsed long before the Ming and Qing, and is associated with medieval Chinese history, not with the early twentieth century.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners may confuse the Ming and Qing dynasties or may not remember exactly which group the Manchus overthrew. Others may notice the word Mongolian and think of foreign rule, but the last imperial house is consistently called the Qing dynasty, founded by the Manchus. A helpful memory aid is to remember the sequence Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, with Qing as the final dynasty whose fall in 1911 marks the end of imperial China and the start of the republican era.

Final Answer:
The 1911 Chinese Revolution ended the rule of the Manchus dynasty (Qing dynasty).