Statement and Assumption problems
- 1. Statement: Everybody loves reading adventure stories.
Assumptions:
- Adventure stories are the only reading material.
- Nobody loves reading any other material.
- All are literate.
Options- A. None is implicit
- B. Only I and II are implicit
- C. All are implicit
- D. Only II and III are implicit
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: None is implicit
Explanation:
The statement mentions that adventure stories are liked by everybody. This does not mean that there is no other reading material or nobody loves reading any other material. So, neither I nor II is implicit. Besides, 'everybody' in the statement stands for 'all literate people' and not for 'all people'. So, III is also not implicit.
- 2. Statement: Delink degrees with jobs. Then, boys will think twice before joining colleges.
Assumptions:
- Boys join college education for getting jobs.
- A degree is of no use for getting a job.
- Girls do not try for jobs.
Options- A. Only I is implicit
- B. Only I and II are implicit
- C. Only II and III are implicit
- D. Only I and III are implicit
- E. All are implicit Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I is implicit
Explanation:
The statement mentions that if the degrees have no connection with jobs, boys will consider and reconsider whether they should join college. So, I is implicit. In the present system, degrees are not delinked with jobs. This means that job is not available without degrees. So, II is not implicit. Nothing about the girls is mentioned in the statement. So, III is also not implicit.
- 3. Statement: In spite of the heavy rains the traffic has not been disrupted this year.
Assumptions:
- The traffic is disrupted in rainy seasons only.
- Rains do not affect traffic movement.
- Adequate precautions were taken for traffic management during rainy season.
Options- A. Only I is implicit
- B. Only I and II are implicit
- C. Only III is implicit
- D. Only II and III are implicit
- E. None is implicit Discuss
Correct Answer: Only III is implicit
Explanation:
The statement expresses surprise at the traffic situation remaining normal even after rains. This means that rains affect traffic. So, II is not implicit. But this does not mean that only rains affect traffic. So, I is also not implicit. Since the traffic was not affected during rains as expected, so III is implicit.
- 4. Statement: The company has decided to increase the price of all its products to tackle the precarious financial position.
Assumptions:
- The company may be able to wipe out the entire losses incurred earlier by this decision.
- The buyers may continue to buy its products even after the increase.
- The company has adequate resources to continue production for few more months.
Options- A. Only I and III are implicit
- B. Only II is implicit
- C. Only II and III are implicit
- D. None is implicit
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I and III are implicit
Explanation:
It is mentioned that the company has taken the decision to make up for the financial deficit. So, I is implicit. The response of the buyers to the increased prices cannot be deduced from the statement. So, II is not implicit. Since the company seeks to improve its financial position by increasing the prices of its products, so III is also implicit.
- 5. Statement: In order to reduce the gap between income and expenditure, the company has decided to increase the price of its product from next month.
Assumptions:
- The rate will remain more or less same after the increase.
- The expenditure will more or less remain the same in near future.
- The rival companies will also increase the price of the similar product.
Options- A. Only I and II are implicit
- B. Only II and III are implicit
- C. Only III is implicit
- D. All are implicit
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: None of these
Explanation:
Clearly, the company intends to reduce the gap between income and expenditure by increasing the price of its product i.e. by keeping the expenditure unaltered and increasing the income only. So, II is implicit while I is not. However, the rival companies may or may not follow the same pursuit. So, III is not implicit.
- 6. Statement: 'Several labour and industrial courts in this State have no proper premises. Vacancies of judges and stenos are kept pending.' - A statement of a retired judge of State X.
Assumptions:
- Adequate number of staff and judges helps in the smooth functioning of the industrial and labour courts.
- The State is not bothered about the condition of the labour and industrial courts.
- Physical facilities of an office help in increasing efficiency of its employees.
Options- A. Only I and III are implicit
- B. Only II is implicit
- C. Only II and III are implicit
- D. All I, II and III are implicit
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: All I, II and III are implicit
Explanation:
The statement expresses grave concern over the lack of proper premises and inadequate staff in labour and industrial courts. This implies that adequate staff is a must to serve the purpose of these courts and a proper office only can ensure their smooth functioning. So, both I and III are implicit. The lack of facilities to the courts also indicates the state's negligent attitude to the condition of the courts. So, II is also implicit.
- 7. Statement: "A rare opportunity to be a professional while you are at home." - An advertisement for computer literate housewives by a computer company.
Assumptions:
- Some housewives simultaneously desire to become professional.
- Computer industry is growing at a fast pace.
- It is possible to be a professional as well as a housewife.
Options- A. Only I and II are implicit
- B. Only II and III are implicit
- C. Only I and III are implicit
- D. Only II is implicit
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I and III are implicit
Explanation:
Clearly, a company would highlight only that feature in its advertisement which people crave for and which it can make possible. So, both I and III are implicit. Nothing can be deduced about the growth of computer industry. So, II is not implicit.
- 8. Statement: Pramod decided to get the railway reservation in May, for the journey he wants to make in July, to Madras.
Assumptions:
- The railways issues reservations two months in advance.
- There are more than one trains to Madras.
- There will be vacancy in the desired class.
Options- A. Only I is implicit
- B. Only II and III are implicit
- C. Only I and III are implicit
- D. All are implicit
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I is implicit
Explanation:
Clearly, since Pramod decides to get the reservation in May for the journey in July, so I is implicit. The number of trains to Madras or the position of vacancies in different classes cannot be deduced from the given statement. So, neither II nor III is implicit.
- 9. Statement: "To make the company commercially viable, there is an urgent need to prune the staff strength and borrow money from the financial institutions." - Opinion of a consultant.
Assumptions:
- The financial institutions lend money for such proposals.
- The product of the company has a potential market.
- The employees of the company are inefficient.
Options- A. None is implicit
- B. All are implicit
- C. Only I and II are implicit
- D. Only II and III are implicit
- E. Only I and III are implicit Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I and II are implicit
Explanation:
Since the consultant talks of borrowing money from financial institutions, so I is implicit. That the owners wish to make the company 'commercially viable' makes II implicit. Also, it is mentioned that staff strength is to be reduced to make the company 'commercially viable'. So, III is not implicit.
- 10. Statement: The Central Government has directed the State Governments to reduce government expenditure in view of the serious resource crunch and it may not be able to sanction any additional grant to the states for the next six months.
Assumptions:
- The State Governments are totally dependent on Central Government for its expenditures.
- The Central Government has reviewed the expenditure account of the State Government.
- The State Governments will abide by the directive.
Options- A. None is implicit
- B. Only II and III are implicit
- C. Only III is implicit
- D. All are implicit
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: Only II and III are implicit
Explanation:
Nothing about the sources of income of the State Governments is mentioned in the statement. So, I is not implicit. Since the Central Government has directed the State Governments to reduce expenditure, so II is implicit. Further, since the Central Government has refused any further grant to the State Governments for the next six months, it is quite clear that these Governments will abide by the directive. So, III is also implicit.
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