A. If sufficient residence time (around 8 seconds) is not proivided to the downcoming liquid in the downcomer, it may entrain some vapour.
B. The liquid head in the downcomer should not be greater than one half the plate spacing to avoid flooding.
C. The dischare end of the downcomer must project far enough into the tray liquid so that no gas bubbles can enter the open end and by pass the bubble caps.
5. Elastic failure of a material occurs, when the tensile stress equals yield strength, yield point or the elastic limit. Also, the elastic failure occurs according to maximum strain theory, when the maximum tensile strain equals (where, ? = yield strength and E = modulus of elasticity)
9. Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.