A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations

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Question
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design
Options
A. only if the opening is on spherical vessel.
B. only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel.
C. only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel.
D. irrespective of the shape of the vessel.

Correct Answer

irrespective of the shape of the vessel.

Process Equipment and Plant Design problems

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1. In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the shortest centre to centre distance between the adjacent tubes is
Options
A. called tube pitch.
B. called tube clearance.
C. always less than the diameter of the tube.
D. none of these.

4. Stage efficiency for packed tower varies with the
Options
A. type & size of packing.
B. fluid rates and fluid properties.
C. operating pressure and column diameter.
D. all (a), (b) and (c).

5. The clearance between two tubes in a shell and tube heat exchanger is known as 'ligament', whose minimum value is __________ the outside diameter of the tube, but in no case it should be less than 4.5 mm.
Options
A. equal to
B. half
C. one fourth
D. three fourth

6. Poisson's ratio of a material is the ratio of unit lateral strain to the unit axial elongation within its elastic limit. The value of Poisson's ratio for structural and pressure vessel steel may be taken as
Options
A. 0.01
B. 0.3
C. 0.75
D. 0.95

7. In a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, the problem of differential expansion between the shell and tube passes is taken care of by using a
Options
A. U-bend
B. floating head tube sheet
C. either (a) or (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)

8. In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the
Options
A. tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used.
B. area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube.
C. liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube.
D. all (a), (b) & (c).

9. Liquid redistribution should be done in a packed tower packed with raschig rings every 6 metres or __________ times the column diameter, whichever is lower.
Options
A. 2.5-3.0
B. 5-7.5
C. 10-12.5
D. 15-20

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