The clearance between two tubes in a shell and tube heat exchanger is known as 'ligament', whose minimum value is __________ the outside diameter of the tube, but in no case it should be less than 4.5 mm.
Options
A. equal to
B. half
C. one fourth
D. three fourth
Correct Answer
one fourth
Process Equipment and Plant Design problems
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1. The LMTD correction factor (FT) is defined as the
Options
A. ratio of true temperature difference to the LMTD.
B. ratio of LMTD to the true temperature difference.
C. differenced of true temperature difference and the LMTD.
D. geometric mean of the true temperature difference and the LMTD.
Correct Answer: ratio of true temperature difference to the LMTD.
2. Large process vessels operating under extreme temperature and pressure conditions are normally clad/ lined with materials like stainless steel, aluminium, nickel & its alloys, copper & its alloys and titanium. The cladding thickness is generally about __________ percent of the total thickness.
3. Normally, the length to diameter ratio of rotary dryers varies form 4 to 10 and for its economic operation, the number of transfer units (NTU) for such dryers varies from
10. A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design
Options
A. only if the opening is on spherical vessel.
B. only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel.
C. only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel.
is normally taken as