If m is the mass of electron cloud, the equation of motion of electron cloud in the presence of an alternating electric field is of the form

£f(t) =

£^-1F(s) = f(t)

£[a f₁(t) + bf₂(t)] = aF₁(s) + bF₂(s)

where

£[f(t - T)] = e^-sT F(s)

£[e^-at f(t)] = F(s + a)

Initial value theorem

Final value theroem

Convolution Integral

where t is dummy variable for t.

Apply Mesh analysis

Apply KVL to mesh 2

-2 + V_y + 1 = 0

? V_y = 1

Apply KVL to mesh 1

? -8 + V_x + 2 = 0

? V_x = 6 V

Apply KVL to mesh 3

-1 + V_z -2 = 0

? V_z = 3 V.

Current density J = ?E

Where ? = conductivity

Given -> ? = 0.13 m²/v-s = 0.13 x 10⁴ cm²/V sec

P = 2.25 x 10¹⁵/cm³

We have, ? n_i = 1.5 x 10¹⁰

Also n.p. =

? n = /p

= (1.6 x 10^-19 x 0.13 x 10⁴ x 2.25 x 10¹⁵) x

= (0.468) (4.5 x 10¹⁵)

? = 2.106 x 10¹⁵ ?/cm

J = ?E

? Current density = 2.106 x 10¹⁵ x 3.620 x 10^-19

= 7.6237 x 10^-4 A/m².

This can be solve by using Boolean identity but using k map it will be more easy

(A + B + C) (A + B + C) (A + B + C).

Statement (ii) is false because maximum energy of photons varies linearly with frequency of incident light. It can be shown as follows :

F₁ > F₂ > F₃

j = light intensity = constant

Photocurrent V_s Anode voltage with frequency and incident light as a parameter.

The light intensity is constant.

Impedance matrices will be added.

, E₀(s) = [I(s)][Z₂(s)] or .

R₁ ? R₂, Suppose R₁ for x₁(n) be

Then ROC for x₁(n) + x₂(n)

R₁ ? R₂ (R₁ < R₂)

Then ROC for x₁(n) + x₂(n)

R₁ ? R₂(R₁ < R₂)

Include unity circle and exterior of circle hence x(z) will be stable, causal.