7. The actual neutral axis of a reinforced cement concrete beam is based on the principle that the moment of areas of compression and tension zones at the neutral axis are equal.
8. A column of length (l) with both ends fixed may be considered as equivalent to a column of length __________ with one end fixed and the other end free.
9. If there is a fall in the temperature of a composite body, then a member having greater coefficient of linear expansion will be subjected to compressive stress.