2. When a bar of length l and diameter d is rigidly fixed at the upper end and hanging freely, then the total elongation produced in the bar due to its own weight is (where w = Weight per unit volume of the bar)
3. When there is no increase or decrease in shear force between two points, it indicates that there is no change in the bending moment between these points.
4. In order to avoid sliding of masonry dam, the force of friction between the dam and soil should be at least __________ the total water pressure per metre length.
5. When a body is subjected to bi-axial stress i.e. direct stresses (?x) and (?y) in two mutually perpendicular planes accompanied by a simple shear stress (?xy), then maximum shear stress is
